Quan niệm về nghề báo trên thế giới hiện nay đã thay đổi rất nhiều, đặc biệt trong thời đại cách mạng thông tin của ngày hôm nay. Nhưng ở VN, có thể có những người chưa cập nhật (well, ít ra là tôi chưa kịp cập nhật).
Vì vậy, hôm nay tôi đưa lên đây bài viết lấy từ trang wikipedia về citizen journalism - tạm dịch là báo chí công dân - để trước hết cho chính tôi hiểu, sau nữa là để tìm cách dịch các thuật ngữ tiếng Anh sang tiếng Việt, và đưa lên đây để lưu cho chính mình, rồi cuối cùng là chia sẻ với cộng đồng để góp thêm một phần vô cùng nhỏ vào công việc mà ai cũng biết là khẩn thiết - công việc mà Phan Chu Trinh đã đề xướng từ cả thế kỷ nay rồi: Nâng cao dân trí.
Xin mời các bạn!
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Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_journalism; truy cập hôm nay 3/9/2014
The concept of citizen journalism (also known as "public", "participatory", "democratic",[1] "guerrilla"[2] or "street" journalism[3]) is based upon public citizens "playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing, and disseminating news and information."[4] Similarly, Courtney C. Radsch defines citizen journalism "as an alternative and activist form of newsgathering and reporting that functions outside mainstream media institutions, often as a repose to shortcoming in the professional journalistic field, that uses similar journalistic practices but is driven by different objectives and ideals and relies on alternative sources of legitimacy than traditional or mainstream journalism."[5] Jay Rosen proposes a simpler definition: "When the people formerly known as the audience employ the press tools they have in their possession to inform one another."[6]
Citizen journalism should not be confused with community journalism or civic journalism, both of which are practiced by professional journalists. Collaborative journalism is also a separate concept and is the practice of professional and non-professional journalists working together. Similarly, Social Journalism is a separate concept denoting a digital publication with a hybrid of professional and non-professional journalism. Citizen journalism is a specific form of both citizen media and user generated content. By juxtaposing the term “citizen,” with its attendant qualities of civic mindedness and social responsibility, with that of “journalism,” which refers to a particular profession, Courtney C. Radsch argues that this term best describes this particular form of online and digital journalism conducted by amateurs, because it underscores the link between the practice of journalism and its relation to the political and public sphere.[7]
New media technology, such as social networking and media-sharing websites, in addition to the increasing prevalence of cellular telephones, have made citizen journalism more accessible to people worldwide. Due to the availability of technology, citizens often can report breaking news more quickly than traditional media reporters. Notable examples of citizen journalism reporting from major world events are, the Arab Spring, the Occupy Wall Street movement, the 2013 protests in Turkey, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and most recently the Euromaidan events in Ukraine.
Critics of the phenomenon, including professional journalists[who?], claim that citizen journalism is unregulated, too subjective, amateurish, and haphazard in quality and coverage.
According to Terry Flew, there have been three elements critical to the rise of citizen journalism: open publishing, collaborative editing, and distributed content.[9] Mark Glaser, a freelance journalist who frequently writes on new media issues, said in 2006:[10]
In What is Participatory Journalism?,[13] J. D. Lasica classifies media for citizen journalism into the following types:
Vì vậy, hôm nay tôi đưa lên đây bài viết lấy từ trang wikipedia về citizen journalism - tạm dịch là báo chí công dân - để trước hết cho chính tôi hiểu, sau nữa là để tìm cách dịch các thuật ngữ tiếng Anh sang tiếng Việt, và đưa lên đây để lưu cho chính mình, rồi cuối cùng là chia sẻ với cộng đồng để góp thêm một phần vô cùng nhỏ vào công việc mà ai cũng biết là khẩn thiết - công việc mà Phan Chu Trinh đã đề xướng từ cả thế kỷ nay rồi: Nâng cao dân trí.
Xin mời các bạn!
-----------
Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_journalism; truy cập hôm nay 3/9/2014
The concept of citizen journalism (also known as "public", "participatory", "democratic",[1] "guerrilla"[2] or "street" journalism[3]) is based upon public citizens "playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing, and disseminating news and information."[4] Similarly, Courtney C. Radsch defines citizen journalism "as an alternative and activist form of newsgathering and reporting that functions outside mainstream media institutions, often as a repose to shortcoming in the professional journalistic field, that uses similar journalistic practices but is driven by different objectives and ideals and relies on alternative sources of legitimacy than traditional or mainstream journalism."[5] Jay Rosen proposes a simpler definition: "When the people formerly known as the audience employ the press tools they have in their possession to inform one another."[6]
Citizen journalism should not be confused with community journalism or civic journalism, both of which are practiced by professional journalists. Collaborative journalism is also a separate concept and is the practice of professional and non-professional journalists working together. Similarly, Social Journalism is a separate concept denoting a digital publication with a hybrid of professional and non-professional journalism. Citizen journalism is a specific form of both citizen media and user generated content. By juxtaposing the term “citizen,” with its attendant qualities of civic mindedness and social responsibility, with that of “journalism,” which refers to a particular profession, Courtney C. Radsch argues that this term best describes this particular form of online and digital journalism conducted by amateurs, because it underscores the link between the practice of journalism and its relation to the political and public sphere.[7]
New media technology, such as social networking and media-sharing websites, in addition to the increasing prevalence of cellular telephones, have made citizen journalism more accessible to people worldwide. Due to the availability of technology, citizens often can report breaking news more quickly than traditional media reporters. Notable examples of citizen journalism reporting from major world events are, the Arab Spring, the Occupy Wall Street movement, the 2013 protests in Turkey, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and most recently the Euromaidan events in Ukraine.
Critics of the phenomenon, including professional journalists[who?], claim that citizen journalism is unregulated, too subjective, amateurish, and haphazard in quality and coverage.
Theory
Citizen journalism, as a form of alternative media, presents a “radical challenge to the professionalized and institutionalized practices of the mainstream media”.[8]According to Terry Flew, there have been three elements critical to the rise of citizen journalism: open publishing, collaborative editing, and distributed content.[9] Mark Glaser, a freelance journalist who frequently writes on new media issues, said in 2006:[10]
The idea behind citizen journalism is that people without professional journalism training can use the tools of modern technology and the global distribution of the Internet to create, augment or fact-check media on their own or in collaboration with others. For example, you might write about a city council meeting on your blog or in an online forum. Or you could fact-check a newspaper article from the mainstream media and point out factual errors or bias on your blog. Or you might snap a digital photo of a newsworthy event happening in your town and post it online. Or you might videotape a similar event and post it on a site such as YouTube.The accessibility of online media has also enhanced the interest for journalism among youth and many websites, like 'Far and Wide' a publication focusing on travel and international culture,[11] as well as WorldWeekly a news blog covering a range of topics from world politics to science,[12] are founded and run by students.
In What is Participatory Journalism?,[13] J. D. Lasica classifies media for citizen journalism into the following types:
- Audience participation (such as user comments attached to news stories, personal blogs, photographs or video footage captured from personal mobile cameras, or local news written by residents of a community)
- Independent news and information Websites (Consumer Reports, the Drudge Report)
- Full-fledged participatory news sites (one:convo, NowPublic, OhmyNews, DigitalJournal.com, GroundReport, 'Fair Observer'
- Collaborative and contributory media sites (Slashdot, Kuro5hin, Newsvine)
- Other kinds of "thin media" (mailing lists, email newsletters)
- Personal broadcasting sites (video broadcast sites such as KenRadio)
"Citizen journalism" versus "grassroots media"
Some criticize[who?] the formulation of the term "citizen journalism" to describe this concept, because the word "citizen" has a conterminous relation to the nation-state. The fact that many millions of people are considered stateless and often, are without citizenship (such as refugees or immigrants without papers) limits the concept to those recognised only by governments. Additionally, the global nature of many participatory media initiatives, such as the Independent Media Center, makes talking of journalism in relation to a particular nation-state largely redundant as its production and dissemination do not recognise national boundaries.[citation needed] Some additional names given to the concept based on this analysis are, "grassroots media," "people's media," or "participatory media."Relationship to local journalism
Some major news reporting agencies, threatened by the speed with which news is reported and delivered by citizen journalism, have launched campaigns to bring in readers and financial support. For example, Bill Johnson, president of Embarcadero Media, which publishes several northern California newspapers, issued an online statement asking readers to subscribe to local newspapers in order to keep them financially solvent. Johnson put special emphasis on the critical role played by local newspapers, which, he argues, "reflect the values of the residents and businesses, challenge assumptions, and shine a light on our imperfections and aspirations."[18]
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